DECEMBER 2018 Unemployment Data–the Full Count
(U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS)
OFFICIAL UNEMPLOYMENT: 3.9%* [Analyses]
| White |
3.4%
|
| African American |
6.6%
|
| Hispanic |
4.4%
|
| Asian** |
3.3%
|
| Persons with a disability** |
7.9%
|
| Men 20 years and over |
3.6%
|
| Women 20 years and over |
3.5%
|
| Teens (16-19 years) |
12.5%
|
| Black teens |
20.5%
|
| Officially unemployed |
6.3 million
|
HIDDEN UNEMPLOYMENT
| Working part-time because can’t find a full-time job: | 4.7 million |
| People who want jobs but are not looking so are not counted in official statistics (of which about 1.6 million** searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available for work during the reference week.) | 5.3 million |
Source: http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf See also Current Employment Statistics–Highlights. For BLS State and area data, see Geographic Information and State Unemployment Summary and Current Unemployment Rates for States and Historical Highs/Lows, Seasonally Adjusted
**Not seasonally adjusted. Marginally Attached workers want work and are available, have looked for work within the last 12 months, but not during “the 4 weeks preceding the survey.”
*See Uncommon Sense #4 and How the BLS Measures Unemployment for an explanation of the unemployment measures.
In addition, millions more were working full-time, year-round, yet earned less than the official poverty level for a family of four. In 2017, that number was 17.1 million, 14.8 percent of full-time, full-year workers (estimated from Current Population Survey, Bur. of the Census, 8/17). The poverty threshold in 2017 was $25,094 for a family of four.
In November 2018, the latest month available, the number of job openings was 6.9 million. Job Openings and Labor Turnover Summary, January 8, 2019. Thus there are 2.4 job-wanters for each available job.
Unemployment is measured as a percent of the civilian non-institutional labor force. The unemployed are those who have not worked at least an hour during the week of record, when a sample survey is taken, and who have looked for work during that month. The labor force includes those 16 years old and older who are either working or unemployed. It excludes those in institutions, like nursing homes or prisons, and those in the military. The latter two groups would in all likelihood experience high unemployment. Merely adding the incarcerated would add about one percentage point to the unemployment rate.